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administrators (intermediate)

Introduction

PmWiki’s markup translation engine is handled by a set of rules; each rule searches for a specific pattern in the markup text and replaces it with some replacement text. Internally, this is accomplished by using PHP’s “[

ruleset@]”, which displays the set of defined markup rules in the sequence in which they will be processed. You can see it at CustomMarkup?action=ruleset.

Other common examples

Define a custom markup to produce a specific HTML or Javascript sequence

Suppose an admin wants to have a simple “(:example:)” markup that will always produce a fixed HTML string in the output, such as for a webring, Google AdSense display, or Javascript. The Markup() call to do this would be: 

Markup('example', 'directives',
  '/\\(:example:\\)/',
  Keep("<div class='example'><p>Here is a 
    <a target='_blank' href='http://www.example.com'>link</a> to
    <em>example.com</em></p></div>") );
  • The first argument is a unique name for the markup (“example”).
  • The second argument says to perform this markup along with other directives.
  • The third argument is the pattern to look for “(:example:)”.
  • The fourth argument is the HTML that “(:example:)” is to be replaced with. We use the Keep() function here to prevent the output from being further processed by PmWiki’s markup rule — in the above example, we don’t want the http://www.example.com url to be again converted to a link.

Define a markup to call a custom function that returns content

An ‘e’ option on the $pattern parameter will cause the $replace parameter to be treated as a PHP expression to be evaluated instead of replacement text. Thus, a markup to produce a random number between 1 and 100 might look like: 

Markup('random', 'directives',
  '/\\(:random:\\)/e',
  "rand(1, 10)");
This calls the PHP built-in rand() function and substitutes the directive with the result. Any function can be called, including functions defined in a [[local customization(s
] file.

Arguments can also be passed by using regular expression capturing parentheses, thus 

Markup('randomargs', 'directives',
  '/\\(:random (\\d+) (\\d+):\\)/e',
  "rand('$1', '$2')");

will cause the markup (:random 50 100:) to generate a random number between 50 and 100.

Note: Be very careful with the /e modifier in regular expressions; malicious authors may be able to pass strings that cause arbitrary and undesirable PHP functions to be executed.

For a PmWiki function to help with parsing arbitrary sequences of arguments and key=value pairs, see Cookbook:ParseArgs.

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Q How can I embed JavaScript into a page’s output?

A There are several ways to do this. The Cookbook:JavaScript recipe describes a simple means for embedding static JavaScript into web pages using custom markup. For editing JavaScript directly in wiki pages (which can pose various security risks), see the [

)JavaScript-Editable]] recipe. For JavaScript that is to appear in headers or footers of pages, the [[skin(s ] template can be modified directly, or <script> statements can be inserted using the $HTMLHeaderFmt array.